The img tag

Use the <img> tag to show images on a Web page.

Point your browser at https://webexamples.skilling.us/basic-sites/images/happy.html. You'll see this:

Here's the code in the file happy.html:

img shows the image. src gives the URL of the image file.

Correct. You can see this happen. Open https://webexamples.skilling.us/basic-sites/images/happy.html if you haven't already.

Now, open the developer tools, by pressing F12. The browser will show a new part of the screen that will let you poke around in a page's innards.

The dev tools might be to the side of your page, or even in a separate floating window. You can show them where you want, though it can be tricky to figure out how. In Firefox, click on a ... to change where the dev tools are docked.

Dev tools can tell you a lot of different things about your page. Right now, click on the Network tab. The network tab shows you activity on your internet connection, as you look at pages.

Click on the trash icon to clear the current values.

Now reload the page. Dev tools will show you network activity.

Here's the HTML in happy.html again, edited for brevity:

The browser needs three files to show happy.html. First, there's happy.html, obviously. But it also needs styles.css, and rosie1.jpg.

The network tab shows you that happening. Here's what I saw:

There are four GETs (ignore the last one for now). Recall that GET is how a browser asks a server for a file. There are GETs for happy.html, styles.css, and rosie1.jpg. The GET for rosie1.jpg returned about 36Kb, which matches the size of the file from the previous lesson.

So, images on the web are in separate files. html refer to files containing image data, rather than containing image data themselves.

The fourth GET in the screen shot is for the page's favicon, the small image that shows up on browser tabs:

Favicons are image files, as well. Check the screen shot again, at least part of it.

There were four GETs. The first three succeeded, returning the HTTP code 200. We don't need to know the codes, just that 200 means OK, and 404 means "not found." We haven't given the page a favicon image, so the GET failed.

The alt attribute

Here's part of that HTML again:

You should add the alt attribute to every image. It gives a text alternative for the tag.

There are two reasons you should use the alt tag. First, the alt attribute is used by screen readers, programs that read out the text of a Web page to visually impaired people.

Second, the alt tag helps search engines know what the image is about. People are more likely to find your page if you add alt attributes to your images.

Exercise

Summary

• Images are separate files, loaded by browsers as needed.
• Show images with the img tag.
• Always include an alt for every image.

Next up

How to style images with CSS.